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Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
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Amputation or Reconstruction? Notes on the Concept of "Knifing Off" and Desistance From Crime

Shadd Maruna

Queens University Belfast

Kevin Roy

University of Maryland

Several scholars have suggested that life changes—such as desistance from crime—may be shaped by social structures through a process of "knifing off." Individuals are thought to change their lives by severing themselves from harmful environments, undesirable companions, or even the past itself. Despite the frequent use of this terminology in criminology and other fields, the concept of knifing off remains underdeveloped. Few studies have considered diverse contexts and conditions in which knifing off may or may not occur. The authors raise the following questions: What is knifing off? What gets knifed off, and who does the knifing? Is knifing off necessary and/or sufficient for behavioral change? They conclude that the concept is useful for understanding desistance and self-change but also encourage further refinement and clarification. Recommendations are proposed for developing the concept of knifing off for theories of desistance, particularly recognizing the significance of life scripts for constructing a noncriminal future.

Key Words: knifing off • desistance • life course • adult development • life scripts

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 23, No. 1, 104-124 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1043986206298951
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